Classic Systems Emulated: DOS Gaming Post-Doom
PC Gaming At The Forefront
Screamer for MS-DOS running on PCEM
The
revolution that Doom unleashed wasn't restricted to the FPS. PC Gaming
was at the forefront now. John Carmack and Romero showed what was
possible on PC hardware. It was now time for others to exploit that
power as well! DOS gaming entered its golden age The Microsoft Flight
Simulator was updated to take advantage of the latest PC technologies.
SoundBlaster was supported in various games along with various SVGA
adapters. The first Need For Speed game for was released during this
time.
For those who owned 486 and Pentium systems, there was no shortage
of games. Screamer, a racing game similar to Sega's Daytona USA, was
winning over gamers due to its superb graphics. The first game looked 3D
accelerated even though its wasn't. The second release actually did
support 3D acceleration in DOS via Glide with the 3DFX Voodoo.
The FMV Craze
CD-ROM drives were becoming more common during this time. Myst
became the killer app for PC users who owned CD-ROM drives. In fact, the
game was so popular that it was often bundled with many new drives
during this time. The game was originally released on the Macintosh, but
later ported to Windows using QuickTime. The game made heavy use of
video.
FMV (Full-motion video) games largely relevant during this time. These type of games defined CD-based platforms like the Philips CD-I, the 3DO, and the Sega CD. However, the Sega CD releases of FMV titles gave the genre a bad name as many of these games are often considered the worst games ever made. Some of these games were ported to DOS as well, including a few golden gems. This includes Night Trap. I know that many crap of this game for it's campy videos, over-the-top acting and absurd plot. However, Night Trap is actually one of the better FMV titles, and this is a worthwhile game.
There were other unique FMV games unique to the PC, like Phantasmagoria. This game quickly became another must-own title for CD-ROM owners. After spending around 1 hour playing this game for the first time, I can see why. Their is a immerse environment to explore, along with a very compelling plot and awesome FMV videos. This is another recommended title.
One of the reasons why FMV titles were so popular during this time was that they were part of that push to making videos games as "life-like" as possible. This was typically done by incorporating a lot of video onto the disc. The computers at the time didn't have the horsepower to render immersive 3D environments. However, as noted earlier, many FMV titles gained a horrible reputations for lousy gameplay, shoddy acting, and general un-interactive nature. This was a situation made worse as processors like the 486 and Pentiums allowed game developers to make those immersive environments that weren't possible previously. Quake and the 3DFX accelerators were just around the corner. Their would be no rewind button for the FMV genre.
Simulators
The Microsoft Flight Simulator was updated to take advantage of the new hardware. Their were SoundBlaster drivers along with video drivers for the most popular SVGA adapters, like the S3. The days of 320 by 240, 256 colors were gone as games could go to 640 by 480 and even 800 by 600, 256 colors now, depending on adapter.
This was helped as the vast majority of these adapters conformed to VESA specifications. VESA is a universal video implementation that allows developers to code high-resolution games and applications that could work across various video adapters instead of conforming to a proprietary video standard. Games that conform to VESA can work on any adapter as long as that adapter also conforms to VESA specifications. As a universal standard, this wasn't an issue.
Flight Simulator Version 5 was the most immersive game yet in the series. It had a much more detailed world, along with new planes. Not only that, the new FS used bit-mapped textures that overlayed over the polygon models. This is in contrast to FS4 which used polygon models without textures.
The Microsoft Flight Simulator wasn't the only simulator intent on showing off the new-found power of PC gaming. Dynamix, a subsidiary of Sierra, released Aces Over The Pacific and Europe for those who wanted combat flight simulation. I've got killed plenty of times! With the march of time, the games only got more visually impressive. Titles like TFX, EF2000 and F22, along with the Jane's Combat Simulators, took these simulations to a whole new level. The environments, planes, and visual effects, like smoke trails and plane damage, made these simulators must own for anyone who were into combat flight simulators. These games highlighted the power of PC gaming along with the MSFS.
FMV (Full-motion video) games largely relevant during this time. These type of games defined CD-based platforms like the Philips CD-I, the 3DO, and the Sega CD. However, the Sega CD releases of FMV titles gave the genre a bad name as many of these games are often considered the worst games ever made. Some of these games were ported to DOS as well, including a few golden gems. This includes Night Trap. I know that many crap of this game for it's campy videos, over-the-top acting and absurd plot. However, Night Trap is actually one of the better FMV titles, and this is a worthwhile game.
There were other unique FMV games unique to the PC, like Phantasmagoria. This game quickly became another must-own title for CD-ROM owners. After spending around 1 hour playing this game for the first time, I can see why. Their is a immerse environment to explore, along with a very compelling plot and awesome FMV videos. This is another recommended title.
One of the reasons why FMV titles were so popular during this time was that they were part of that push to making videos games as "life-like" as possible. This was typically done by incorporating a lot of video onto the disc. The computers at the time didn't have the horsepower to render immersive 3D environments. However, as noted earlier, many FMV titles gained a horrible reputations for lousy gameplay, shoddy acting, and general un-interactive nature. This was a situation made worse as processors like the 486 and Pentiums allowed game developers to make those immersive environments that weren't possible previously. Quake and the 3DFX accelerators were just around the corner. Their would be no rewind button for the FMV genre.
Simulators
The Microsoft Flight Simulator was updated to take advantage of the new hardware. Their were SoundBlaster drivers along with video drivers for the most popular SVGA adapters, like the S3. The days of 320 by 240, 256 colors were gone as games could go to 640 by 480 and even 800 by 600, 256 colors now, depending on adapter.
This was helped as the vast majority of these adapters conformed to VESA specifications. VESA is a universal video implementation that allows developers to code high-resolution games and applications that could work across various video adapters instead of conforming to a proprietary video standard. Games that conform to VESA can work on any adapter as long as that adapter also conforms to VESA specifications. As a universal standard, this wasn't an issue.
Flight Simulator Version 5 was the most immersive game yet in the series. It had a much more detailed world, along with new planes. Not only that, the new FS used bit-mapped textures that overlayed over the polygon models. This is in contrast to FS4 which used polygon models without textures.
The Microsoft Flight Simulator wasn't the only simulator intent on showing off the new-found power of PC gaming. Dynamix, a subsidiary of Sierra, released Aces Over The Pacific and Europe for those who wanted combat flight simulation. I've got killed plenty of times! With the march of time, the games only got more visually impressive. Titles like TFX, EF2000 and F22, along with the Jane's Combat Simulators, took these simulations to a whole new level. The environments, planes, and visual effects, like smoke trails and plane damage, made these simulators must own for anyone who were into combat flight simulators. These games highlighted the power of PC gaming along with the MSFS.
Racing Games
For those who owned the 3DO, the Need For Speed was a must own
title. However, this game was never going to get much fanfare if it
remained on that niche platform. A game like that begs for a greater
audience. As such, NFS was ported both to the PlayStation and MS-DOS.
The DOS port did not disappoint.
Racing games have been languishing through the early 90's. Test Drive 2 was a major hit in 1989. While their were a few gems, the genre as a whole was in the repair shop. However, the NFS rejuvenated the genre and gave it that much needed tune-up. The game had impressive video cut-scenes. However, the real draw was it's racing environment. They were multiple stages in various locations. One could race in the desert, city, and jungle in it's SVGA glory.
The cars were much more detailed than any other game at the time. Not only that, the licensed cars in the game were those that we all dreamed of driving in real life if possible. This game strove more for a simulation experience verses an arcade one. For those who want arcade action, their would be some disappointment. For those who want the racing experience to be as real as possible though, this was the game, and it did not disappoint. NFS was for the racing genre what Doom was for the FPS; it was a genre-redefining titles that set the rules for others to follow. The NASCAR games would follow in it's tracks, along with later incarnations of the Test Drive series. This isn't a bad legacy at all! It does make me feel sorry for the 3DO though.
Racing games have been languishing through the early 90's. Test Drive 2 was a major hit in 1989. While their were a few gems, the genre as a whole was in the repair shop. However, the NFS rejuvenated the genre and gave it that much needed tune-up. The game had impressive video cut-scenes. However, the real draw was it's racing environment. They were multiple stages in various locations. One could race in the desert, city, and jungle in it's SVGA glory.
The cars were much more detailed than any other game at the time. Not only that, the licensed cars in the game were those that we all dreamed of driving in real life if possible. This game strove more for a simulation experience verses an arcade one. For those who want arcade action, their would be some disappointment. For those who want the racing experience to be as real as possible though, this was the game, and it did not disappoint. NFS was for the racing genre what Doom was for the FPS; it was a genre-redefining titles that set the rules for others to follow. The NASCAR games would follow in it's tracks, along with later incarnations of the Test Drive series. This isn't a bad legacy at all! It does make me feel sorry for the 3DO though.
Adventure Games
Alone In The Dark. Do I need to say more! The first title came out on the very eve of the FPS crazy. However, AITD is still an good example of why PC gaming went to the forefront. AITD made use of both pre-rendered scenes along with polygon graphics to bring an immersive environment that was very compelling. One could spend hours on a single session. Not only that, because the game made use of pre-rendered scenes with simple polygons, it was much more forgiving on older hardware. Where as Doom would choke on 386 DOS PC (which were still widely used at this point), AITD could run on them like cake. Along with a compelling story, this game did not disappoint.
FPS
The popularity of Doom was so great that it spurred the genre known as Doom Clones, before settling as the FPS genre. Once one got through Doom, what's next? Because of it's popularity, Doom was heavily modded. This occurred at the time when the WWW started to become a thing. Many enthusiast started to share their home-brewed stages and mods with others on the Internet. Other changed the enemy characters with the icons of pop culture. Simpsons Doom was a must play for any Doom (and Simpsons fan like me!). Wolfenstein stages were ported to Doom. Their were WW2 mods as well. They sky was the limit in the modding scene. However, their were other games as well.
Apogee Software, through 3D Realms, brought their Duke Nukem franchise from the early 90's into the 3rd dimension with Duke Nukem 3D. The cigar-chomping, gun-blasting representation of that epic 80's action hero was now taking his mayhem to Pentium system(the game struggled on 486-class systems). For those who had those Pentium systems, Duke 3D became another must own title.
While Duke 3D proper is a really awesome title, the games legacy came down to it's engine: Build, which was licensed to various parties. GT Interactive released both WW2GI and NAM, based on their respective conflicts, in 1996. For military enthusiast and gamers seeking realistic military conflict (like me), these were must own games. I was killed around 30-50 times before I stormed the Normandy beachhead! Playing these games, I've also came to one conclusion: the Vietcong and Nazis are not very nice people. Granted, I'm not that nice to them either! NAM and WW2GI were the most realistic war FPS games pre-COD and Battlefield.
Alone In The Dark. Do I need to say more! The first title came out on the very eve of the FPS crazy. However, AITD is still an good example of why PC gaming went to the forefront. AITD made use of both pre-rendered scenes along with polygon graphics to bring an immersive environment that was very compelling. One could spend hours on a single session. Not only that, because the game made use of pre-rendered scenes with simple polygons, it was much more forgiving on older hardware. Where as Doom would choke on 386 DOS PC (which were still widely used at this point), AITD could run on them like cake. Along with a compelling story, this game did not disappoint.
FPS
The popularity of Doom was so great that it spurred the genre known as Doom Clones, before settling as the FPS genre. Once one got through Doom, what's next? Because of it's popularity, Doom was heavily modded. This occurred at the time when the WWW started to become a thing. Many enthusiast started to share their home-brewed stages and mods with others on the Internet. Other changed the enemy characters with the icons of pop culture. Simpsons Doom was a must play for any Doom (and Simpsons fan like me!). Wolfenstein stages were ported to Doom. Their were WW2 mods as well. They sky was the limit in the modding scene. However, their were other games as well.
Apogee Software, through 3D Realms, brought their Duke Nukem franchise from the early 90's into the 3rd dimension with Duke Nukem 3D. The cigar-chomping, gun-blasting representation of that epic 80's action hero was now taking his mayhem to Pentium system(the game struggled on 486-class systems). For those who had those Pentium systems, Duke 3D became another must own title.
While Duke 3D proper is a really awesome title, the games legacy came down to it's engine: Build, which was licensed to various parties. GT Interactive released both WW2GI and NAM, based on their respective conflicts, in 1996. For military enthusiast and gamers seeking realistic military conflict (like me), these were must own games. I was killed around 30-50 times before I stormed the Normandy beachhead! Playing these games, I've also came to one conclusion: the Vietcong and Nazis are not very nice people. Granted, I'm not that nice to them either! NAM and WW2GI were the most realistic war FPS games pre-COD and Battlefield.
For those who
wanted to take on Storm Troopers, LucasArts released Dark Forces. For
those who are into both PC gaming and Star Wars, this is a must-play
title. Typically, movie-based games aren't that good. This isn't the
case here. Dark Forces is a very good game in it's own right. Dark
Forces showed that it was possible to embrace Doom while forging its own
identity. This game was just as impressive in the graphics department
as in gameplay. Alien Trilogy was another good FPS built around the
Alien franchise. It's ironic that their is a separate Alien game as Doom
was originally intended as being the basis for a licensed Alien game
that id Software was going to do for Fox Studios before that deal fell
apart.
Descent deserves mention as well as this is a very ambitious games. In this title, you control a ship in FPS mode where their is full six degrees of view as the ship can be rotated while still maintaining perspective. It can be a challenge playing Descent as enemies can come from all directions while trying to navigate the ship in one of those various directions. However, this added to the joy of battling enemies in FPS mode in a full 3D environment.
Golf
Yes, I've debated whether I should have included a separate section for golf titles. However, I feel that the decision is justified. In the days before Doom, Links 386 was used as the benchmarking tool for power users wanting to demonstrate the power of their 386 rig. I could also make the safe assumption that the fast majority of those who owned the game weren't really interested in golf, but simply used the game as a way to benchmark their PC's. The reason for this is that various textures are drawn individually and then overlayed on top of each other. After the ball lands at a new, the screen-drawing starts all over again to reflect that new location, thus requiring intensive CPU processing.
Access Software updated Links for the new processors. However, EA wanted to demonstrated that golf games could be fun in their own right. I know that in the face of Doom, this is a very challenging feat. However, EA released PGA Tour Golf 486 and it does deserves honorable mention. I think we would all be kidding ourselves if we thought that a golf game could be as action pack as Doom. However, as a casual game meant for casual players or those wanting to unwind from their demon-killing rampage, PGA Tour Gold 486 fits the bill. It's visually impressive and has descent performance. This game can make golfing enjoyable.
Emulation
I usually alternate between PCEM and DOSBox. Both offers very high levels of compatibility. PCEM feels more "authentic". However, it's the more complicated to setup PCEM compared to DOSBox. Setting up that emulated 486 and Pentium system is going to involve prior knowledge. For best compatibility, it's important to give that preferred game the period hardware that it expects.
Setting up that emulated PC usually requires knowledge of those DOS commands, along with the memory constraints of MS-DOS and how to edit Config.sys and Autoexec.bat to get around those constraints. While DOSBox is the easier to configure (with front-ends), like PCEM; it still assumes prior knowledge of the DOS command line. Either way, understanding the learning curve does pay huge dividends though, regardless of the emulator used.
With our modern multi-core PC's, emulating that classic DOS PC is cake. Games that expected that 386 or 486 processor will generally run at full-speed. Even those games that beg for those Pentiums will generally run at full (or near) full speed. PCEM, 86Box, and several of the DOSBox forks even have support for 3D acceleration via the 3DFX Voodoo, which was supported by a few DOS titles. For those wanting to revisit their childhood or teen years, the PC emulators will not disappoint.
With that noted, games that utilize the Build engine used in Duke 3D will run better on DOSBox than PCEM. Quake runs about the same now on either emulator, as does Doom.
I've been using Magic DOSBox a lot these days. Magic DOSBox is the Android port of the famous emulator that can run on various tablets and smartphones. Generally, the Android ports of DOSBox aren't as optimized for the ARM processor as their x86 equivalents. Since the ARM processor uses an completely different instruction set compared to Intel/AMD processors, each line of that emulated Intel CPU has to be individually translated, resulting in slower performance. However, ARM optimizations have come a very long way. On my Amazon Fire tablet, Magic DOSBox can run Doom 1 and 2 run at full speed, as does most games that require the 386 and 486 processors. Games that recommend the Pentium, like Duke Nukem 3D, NAM, and Quake; are very choppy and sluggish though. Given the completely different architecture of the ARM processor, this is to be expected. At the point though, one could use one of the native ports of Quake for Android.
For those graphical environments, Windows 3.1 runs at near full-performance as if running on the 486 DX2 running around 50MHz. Windows 95 is out of the question though. I'm using an OTG cable along with an early 2000's IBM USB keyboard with two additional USB ports (1.1 standard). One of those ports have a wireless mouse daisy-chained to it.
I just got a Samsung A7 tablet (2020 edition), so I'm going to give Magic a try on this hardware as well. Given that Magic has worked wonders on my previous setup, I am very optimistic.
Conclusion
Talking about DOS gaming in the middle 90's is like talking about rock music from the 60's: their was just simply so much going on that you can name check the big acts and the defining moments and still leave out an important event. Games like Heretic forged its own identity while still paying homage to Doom. The Microsoft Space Simulator provided an out-of-this-world experience for those who wanted to explore the solar system. The BullFrog games like Syndicate and Magic Carpet opened up an universe for those who embraced these games. Even then, DOS gaming hadn't peaked as Quake was just around the corner and DOS compatibility was a must for Microsoft's next version of Windows, code-named Chicago and set to be released in 1995. PC Gaming was about to enter into a new transition phase.
Descent deserves mention as well as this is a very ambitious games. In this title, you control a ship in FPS mode where their is full six degrees of view as the ship can be rotated while still maintaining perspective. It can be a challenge playing Descent as enemies can come from all directions while trying to navigate the ship in one of those various directions. However, this added to the joy of battling enemies in FPS mode in a full 3D environment.
Golf
Yes, I've debated whether I should have included a separate section for golf titles. However, I feel that the decision is justified. In the days before Doom, Links 386 was used as the benchmarking tool for power users wanting to demonstrate the power of their 386 rig. I could also make the safe assumption that the fast majority of those who owned the game weren't really interested in golf, but simply used the game as a way to benchmark their PC's. The reason for this is that various textures are drawn individually and then overlayed on top of each other. After the ball lands at a new, the screen-drawing starts all over again to reflect that new location, thus requiring intensive CPU processing.
Access Software updated Links for the new processors. However, EA wanted to demonstrated that golf games could be fun in their own right. I know that in the face of Doom, this is a very challenging feat. However, EA released PGA Tour Golf 486 and it does deserves honorable mention. I think we would all be kidding ourselves if we thought that a golf game could be as action pack as Doom. However, as a casual game meant for casual players or those wanting to unwind from their demon-killing rampage, PGA Tour Gold 486 fits the bill. It's visually impressive and has descent performance. This game can make golfing enjoyable.
Emulation
I usually alternate between PCEM and DOSBox. Both offers very high levels of compatibility. PCEM feels more "authentic". However, it's the more complicated to setup PCEM compared to DOSBox. Setting up that emulated 486 and Pentium system is going to involve prior knowledge. For best compatibility, it's important to give that preferred game the period hardware that it expects.
Setting up that emulated PC usually requires knowledge of those DOS commands, along with the memory constraints of MS-DOS and how to edit Config.sys and Autoexec.bat to get around those constraints. While DOSBox is the easier to configure (with front-ends), like PCEM; it still assumes prior knowledge of the DOS command line. Either way, understanding the learning curve does pay huge dividends though, regardless of the emulator used.
With our modern multi-core PC's, emulating that classic DOS PC is cake. Games that expected that 386 or 486 processor will generally run at full-speed. Even those games that beg for those Pentiums will generally run at full (or near) full speed. PCEM, 86Box, and several of the DOSBox forks even have support for 3D acceleration via the 3DFX Voodoo, which was supported by a few DOS titles. For those wanting to revisit their childhood or teen years, the PC emulators will not disappoint.
With that noted, games that utilize the Build engine used in Duke 3D will run better on DOSBox than PCEM. Quake runs about the same now on either emulator, as does Doom.
I've been using Magic DOSBox a lot these days. Magic DOSBox is the Android port of the famous emulator that can run on various tablets and smartphones. Generally, the Android ports of DOSBox aren't as optimized for the ARM processor as their x86 equivalents. Since the ARM processor uses an completely different instruction set compared to Intel/AMD processors, each line of that emulated Intel CPU has to be individually translated, resulting in slower performance. However, ARM optimizations have come a very long way. On my Amazon Fire tablet, Magic DOSBox can run Doom 1 and 2 run at full speed, as does most games that require the 386 and 486 processors. Games that recommend the Pentium, like Duke Nukem 3D, NAM, and Quake; are very choppy and sluggish though. Given the completely different architecture of the ARM processor, this is to be expected. At the point though, one could use one of the native ports of Quake for Android.
For those graphical environments, Windows 3.1 runs at near full-performance as if running on the 486 DX2 running around 50MHz. Windows 95 is out of the question though. I'm using an OTG cable along with an early 2000's IBM USB keyboard with two additional USB ports (1.1 standard). One of those ports have a wireless mouse daisy-chained to it.
I just got a Samsung A7 tablet (2020 edition), so I'm going to give Magic a try on this hardware as well. Given that Magic has worked wonders on my previous setup, I am very optimistic.
Conclusion
Talking about DOS gaming in the middle 90's is like talking about rock music from the 60's: their was just simply so much going on that you can name check the big acts and the defining moments and still leave out an important event. Games like Heretic forged its own identity while still paying homage to Doom. The Microsoft Space Simulator provided an out-of-this-world experience for those who wanted to explore the solar system. The BullFrog games like Syndicate and Magic Carpet opened up an universe for those who embraced these games. Even then, DOS gaming hadn't peaked as Quake was just around the corner and DOS compatibility was a must for Microsoft's next version of Windows, code-named Chicago and set to be released in 1995. PC Gaming was about to enter into a new transition phase.
Articles Of Interest
PCEM - https://pcem-emulator.co.uk/
Wikipedia - VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Electronics_Standards_Association
Wikipedia - The Need for Speed : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Need_for_Speed
The Kixmiller Pigeon - Classic Games Emulated: The Need for Speed for MS-DOS : https://rkixmiller.dudaone.com/classic-games-emulated-the-need-for-speed-for-ms-dos
Wikipedia - Alone In The Dark : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alone_in_the_Dark_(1992_video_game)
Articles of Interest : The FMV Craze
Wikipedia - Myst : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myst
Wikipedia - Interactive film : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_film
Wikipedia - Night Trap : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Trap
Wikipedia - Phantasmagoria (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantasmagoria_(video_game)
YouTube - AVGN: Sega CD (Higher Quality) Episode 25 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0z4RFDHFQI
Articles of Interest : Simulators
The Kixmiller Pigeon - Classic Games Emulated: The Need for Speed for MS-DOS : https://rkixmiller.dudaone.com/classic-games-emulated-the-need-for-speed-for-ms-dos
Wikipedia - Alone In The Dark : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alone_in_the_Dark_(1992_video_game)
Articles of Interest : The FMV Craze
Wikipedia - Myst : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myst
Wikipedia - Interactive film : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_film
Wikipedia - Night Trap : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Trap
Wikipedia - Phantasmagoria (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantasmagoria_(video_game)
YouTube - AVGN: Sega CD (Higher Quality) Episode 25 : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0z4RFDHFQI
Articles of Interest : Simulators
Wikipedia - Microsoft Flight Simulator : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Flight_Simulator
Wikipedia - Flight Simulator 5.0 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Flight_Simulator#Flight_Simulator_5.0
Wikipedia - Flight Simulator 5.0 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft_Flight_Simulator#Flight_Simulator_5.0
Wikipedia - Sublogic : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublogic
Wikipedia - Bruce Artwick : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Artwick
Flight Simulator History - The Story Of Flight Simulator : https://fshistory.simflight.com/fsh/versions.htm
FlightSim Greenland - Flight Simulator History : https://flightsim.gl/flight-simulator-history/
Wikipedia - Dynamix : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamix
Wikipedia - Red Baron (1990 video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Baron_(1990_video_game)
Wikipedia - Aces of the Pacific : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aces_of_the_Pacific
Wikipedia - Jane's Combat Simulations : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Combat_Simulations
Wikipedia - EF2000 (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF2000_(video_game)
Wikipedia - TFX (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFX_(video_game)
Wikipedia - F-22: Air Dominance Fighter : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22:_Air_Dominance_Fighter
Articles of Interest : FPS
YouTube - Doom (Ahoy) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6A4-SVUHQYI
Wikipedia - 3D Realms : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Realms
Wikipedia - Duke Nuken 3D : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Nukem_3D
Wikipedia - Duke Nukem (character) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Nukem_(character)
Wikipedia - WW2GI : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_GI
Wikipedia - NAM : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAM_(video_game)
Wikipedia - Build (game engine) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_(game_engine)
Wikipedia - Star Wars : Dark Forces : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars%3A_Dark_Forces
Wikipedia - LucasArts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LucasArts
Wikipedia - Alien Trilogy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Trilogy
Articles of Interest : Golf
Wikipedia - Dynamix : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamix
Wikipedia - Red Baron (1990 video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Baron_(1990_video_game)
Wikipedia - Aces of the Pacific : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aces_of_the_Pacific
Wikipedia - Jane's Combat Simulations : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%27s_Combat_Simulations
Wikipedia - EF2000 (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF2000_(video_game)
Wikipedia - TFX (video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFX_(video_game)
Wikipedia - F-22: Air Dominance Fighter : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22:_Air_Dominance_Fighter
Articles of Interest : FPS
YouTube - Doom (Ahoy) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6A4-SVUHQYI
Doom - A Classic Game Post-Morte | GDC : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnkCujnYNSo
The Early Days of id Software - John Romero @ WeAreDevelopers Conference 2017 | WeAreDevelopers : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFziBfvAFnM
Doom's Development : A Year Of Madness | WeAreDevelopers : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBU34NZhW7I
Doom - Still Excellent Decades Later | LGR : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bl33_J3B-s
Doom II - 25 Years Later : An LGR Retrospective : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNtHwWVXbDI
Play Value - The Two Johns : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3LQsPT_zlE
Wikipedia - id Software : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Id_Software
Wikipedia - John Carmack : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carmack
Wikipedia - John Romero : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Romero
Wikipedia - Doom (1993 video game) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doom_(1993_video_game)
Wikipedia - Doom II : Hell On Earth : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doom_II
Wikipedia - 3D Realms : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Realms
Wikipedia - Duke Nuken 3D : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Nukem_3D
Wikipedia - Duke Nukem (character) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Nukem_(character)
Wikipedia - WW2GI : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_GI
Wikipedia - NAM : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAM_(video_game)
Wikipedia - Build (game engine) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Build_(game_engine)
Wikipedia - Star Wars : Dark Forces : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars%3A_Dark_Forces
Wikipedia - LucasArts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LucasArts
Wikipedia - Alien Trilogy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Trilogy
Articles of Interest : Golf
VirtuallyFun - Links 386 Pro : https://virtuallyfun.com/wordpress/2017/12/30/links-386-pro/
Wikipedia - Links 386 Pro : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_386_Pro
Wikipedia - Access Software : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_Software
Wikipedia - Access Software : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Access_Software
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